Which of the following is an example of a controller medication?

Budesonide is a corticosteroid that acts as a controller medication in the management of respiratory conditions such as asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Controller medications are designed to reduce inflammation and prevent symptoms by maintaining long-term control of the disease. They are typically taken on a daily basis to help manage chronic conditions and minimize the frequency of exacerbations.

Corticosteroids like budesonide decrease airway inflammation, which is a key factor in the pathophysiology of asthma and COPD, leading to improved lung function and overall better symptom control. These medications can have long-term positive effects on a patient's respiratory health.

In contrast, albuterol, ipratropium, and terbutaline are categorized as quick-relief or rescue medications. They are used primarily for the immediate relief of acute symptoms or exacerbations rather than for long-term control. Albuterol and terbutaline are short-acting beta-agonists used for bronchodilation during acute asthma attacks, while ipratropium is an anticholinergic that can also provide rapid relief but does not address the underlying inflammation.