What is sodium bicarbonate primarily used for in medical treatments?

Sodium bicarbonate is primarily utilized in medical treatments for conditions related to metabolic acidosis, particularly in cases such as diabetic ketoacidosis, where the body produces high levels of ketones and acids. In these instances, sodium bicarbonate acts as a buffering agent, helping to neutralize excess acid in the bloodstream and restore the pH balance. This is especially critical in severe metabolic derangements, as maintaining proper acid-base balance is essential for normal cellular function and overall physiological stability.

In other contexts, sodium bicarbonate can also be employed in the management of certain types of renal tubular acidosis and to prevent contrast-induced nephropathy in at-risk patients. The primary focus, however, remains on its use in managing acid-base imbalances stemming from metabolic conditions.

The other options do not align with the primary uses of sodium bicarbonate; for instance, it is not used to treat bacterial infections, influence heart rates, or provide pain relief, which distinguishes its specific therapeutic role.