What is a primary side effect of long-acting beta-agonists (LABAs)?

Long-acting beta-agonists (LABAs) are primarily used in the management of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) to provide prolonged bronchodilation. One of the significant concerns with LABA use, especially when they are not used in conjunction with inhaled corticosteroids, is the increased risk of asthma-related hospitalization and potentially severe exacerbations of asthma.

This risk arises because LABAs can provide symptomatic relief by relaxing the airway muscles but do not address the underlying inflammation in the airways. If a patient relies solely on a LABA without anti-inflammatory therapy, their asthma may remain poorly controlled, leading to worsening of their condition and an increased likelihood of severe exacerbation, which can result in hospitalization.

The other options presented do not represent primary side effects associated with LABAs. Increased mucus production is more typically associated with irritants or other conditions rather than a direct consequence of LABAs. Severe headache is a potential side effect of many medications, but it is not a commonly recognized primary side effect of LABAs. Regarding the reduced efficacy of short-acting bronchodilators, LABAs do not typically interfere with their effect; instead, they are meant to complement them in managing asthma symptoms.