What is a potential serious side effect of systemic corticosteroids?

Systemic corticosteroids are powerful anti-inflammatory medications that can significantly impact various bodily functions. A potential serious side effect of their use is the development of Cushing's syndrome or adrenal suppression.

Cushing's syndrome occurs due to excessive levels of cortisol, often as a result of prolonged corticosteroid therapy. It can manifest with symptoms such as weight gain, particularly around the abdomen and face, skin changes, and an increased risk for infections due to immunosuppression. Adrenal suppression refers to the decreased production of natural corticosteroids by the adrenal glands, which can occur when the body's feedback mechanisms detect high levels of circulating corticosteroids from external sources. This suppression can lead to adrenal crisis if the medication is suddenly withdrawn or decreased in dosage without a proper tapering schedule.

Although high blood pressure, fatigue, and weight loss can occur with corticosteroid use, they are generally less serious in the context of potential long-term effects compared to the life-altering implications of Cushing's syndrome and adrenal suppression. Therefore, monitoring for these serious outcomes is essential in patients receiving systemic corticosteroids.