What effect does esmolol have on heart rate?

Esmolol is a short-acting beta-1 adrenergic antagonist specifically designed for rapid heart rate control. When administered, it effectively decreases heart rate for a short period of time. This action is particularly useful in acute settings, such as during surgery or in critical care, where swift and controlled heart rate management is required.

Unlike longer-acting beta-blockers, esmolol’s rapid onset and short duration allow for precise titration based on the patient's immediate needs without leading to prolonged effects. The decrease in heart rate is beneficial, especially in situations like supraventricular tachycardia or other conditions where heart rate reduction is necessary for hemodynamic stability.

The other options don't apply because esmolol does not increase heart rate, have no significant effect over a long period, nor does it exclusively decrease blood pressure without affecting heart rate.